Understanding Bodybuilding

If Greek mythology existed, bodybuilding would be the sport made for the gods. It is a sport that demands more than most can give. Bodybuilding is not for the faint of heart, nor the weak minded. To be successful is this grueling sport you must have the mentality of success imprinted on your thoughts everyday. Once you have achieved this mentality you no longer spend idle time pondering empty thoughts, but instead you learn to use your mind consciously, every day, as if being in a constant state of meditation, with your thoughts fixed on the end result.Having that end result be the ability to unveil something that is more then beautiful. Before I sold my soul to my education, I was an active bodybuilder who loved everything about the sport. I was introduced to this sport when I was 12, although I remember it like it was yesterday. I went with my mom to the grocery store to try and convince her that buying Reeses would somehow be a great idea. As we were walking I decided to look for the biggest bag I could find. I cut through the section with all the magazines to get to the candy isle as quick as possible.It was in that isle, on a muscle mag magazine that I first saw a picture of a man named Dorian Yates. A man that stood 6’1, 270lbs, with what looked like only muscle. I remember staring at the front cover for what felt like a lifetime, I knew from that second, that’s what I want to look like. I no longer wanted to be a pro football player, or a pro basketball player; I wanted to be a professional bodybuilder. I forgot completely about the candy, found my mom and asked if I could push the cart from then on.Of course, at that time I was too young to venture into anything that resembled a bodybuilding lifestyle, yet I still used my little weights every night. It wasn’t until I was 18 that my bodybuilding mentality took over my mind. Going into my first year of high school I met this girl who slowly became my upmost passion. We started dating before I could even drive, until my first semester in college, she was my world. I loved everything about this girl and was certain she was that one I would spend the rest of my life with. However, mid way through my first semester in college she decided it was best to go our separate ways.Completely devastated, and young, I came up with the idea I wasn’t enough, that if I had could become something more then great she would have never left. I then turned to bodybuilding, first in the mentality of hate, channeling my emotions through the pain of lifting. But as time went by my idea of doing this for her transformed to having bodybuilding became infused into who I was. Everything I read, everything I thought about was bodybuilding. I went from spending money on going out and clothes, to supplements and protein.No matter what life through at me, no matter how upset I became, I could always set foot in a gym and forget the worries of the world. Walking into a gym was like steppi ng on a battle field, I knew I would have to fight my way through heavy sets of iron resistance to come out on the other side victorious. With weight stacked against me I would sit down on the closest bench, eyes closed and music blaring, concentrating on the task I had before me. I would think to myself: pain is temporary, but glory is forever. That no matter what, I was going to get this weight up even if it destroyed me in the process.By the time I opened my eyes I had become so focused on that I had to do that I could only see the weight I needed to overcome. It was as if I summoned all the strength I had in me to be ready to take on the world. I then would perform the exercise. As I brought the weight down to my chest I knew I was in for a fight. And then it began, as I pressed the weight off my chest with all my strength I had I told myself ignore the pain, become great. Seeing a bodybuilding yell as he is trying to finish a repetition is more then beautiful to me. It’s our on way of saying I’m not giving up till I’ve won.To me, each time I perform an exercise is one step closer in becoming great. I feel that most everyone has a misunderstood concept of what bodybuilding is and means. This sport isn’t a hobby, or something you can do on the side. This has to be a lifestyle, a passion, and a desire. When I was an active bodybuilder I viewed myself as an artist working on a masterpiece. It’s the mind not the body that determines your success as a bodybuilder; it’s mental aspect that allows you to press past the pain barrier, to enjoy being in the gym for countless hours, and to lust for more.Your mind is what sculpts your body into art. I also believe people view bodybuilders somewhat gross, or obsessed. I feel like everyone is so used to seeing someone who is in average shape, with little to no definition, someone who doesn’t have the time or discipline to sculpt their body. This makes bodybuilders look fre akishly, and unattractive, rather then beautiful, and full of hard work and sacrifice. These are the people who don’t understand what is actually involved in this sport. Bodybuilding is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. It is a great challenge, and a great success.There are many aspects in becoming a great bodybuilder like, having good nutrition, a choice of good supplements, good training hours, preparation for competition, and a good mind frame. If all these aspects are met then there is a future. Most people stereotype bodybuilders as a â€Å"meat head† or someone who lifts religiously and gains mass. Although this is true in almost every case, lifting weights is only responsible for a quarter of the results. Nutrition is a large percentage of a bodybuilder's success; it determines how well they effectively apply knowledge to nutrition.The limiting factor to the ultimate success of your workout is what happens after you leave the gym. This is one of th e biggest misunderstood concepts for someone who is trying to excel in this life style. Nutrition consists of macronutrients and micronutrients. The macronutrients consist of protein, carbohydrates, fat, and water. The micronutrients are vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. The best source of nutrition is through whole foods. A bodybuilder should never allow the use of supplements to overshadow the consumption of whole foods.For a bodybuilder the most confusing part about the sport is making sure of good nutrition and diet. Another fundamental element of success is allowing your body to recover. A bodybuilder gains size when torn muscle fibers are reconnected or â€Å"patched† with new muscle tissue. The added tissue gives you that swollen look that every bodybuilder lusts for. Bodybuilding, in all its aspects, has many similarities with a lot of activities we find ourselves consumed in. As football players strive to achieve new skills in practice, so do bodybuilders in a gym.It takes just as much focus and willpower to not only play this sport, but to continue it everyday. It requires as much focus and determinate as a college student trying to excel in his classes. There was one point in my life where I was completely consumed by bodybuilding. I started out with a fragile frame, consisting of a mere 125 pathetic pounds. Not knowing much of anything about this sport, I would stay up at night in search of the greatest motivational quotes to help me maintain on my path. Regardless of what I had in front of me, my mind was constantly fixed on my workout session that was to come.The greatest feeling for me was to wake up in pain; with that pain meaning I put in enough effort in the gym for my body to realize it. I loved every aspect of lifting, from buying bigger clothes to the research of supplements. After obtaining three very hard and grueling years, and falling into an addiction to steroids, I was finally shaping into a monster. Standing only 5†™11, I achieved to grow to a massive 220 pounds. I remember vividly the reaction of friends and family members that hadn’t seen me in some time.Astonished, some reacted in a positive way telling me how impressive it was, I can only remember however, the people who told me I had taken this idea to an extreme. Id be lying if I told you this didn’t bother me. I had put in so much effort and sacrificed so much to become what I was. So many asked â€Å"why do you do it, why do you like it, the process looks so painful. † For so long I couldn’t fathom to try to put a reason into words. After many failed attempts to explain why I gave up trying to explain to so many eager to understand.It wasn’t until I read a quote from a bodybuilding magazine that an athlete had stated after he had one a competition could I explain my obsession for greatness. The quote, â€Å"the reason I do all that, put my body through all that†¦is because I love it. † A s little as that explains to many, it was the perfect explanation to me. The reason I put myself through all the pain and sacrifice, was because I loved it. Bodybuilding was my passion, my obsession; it had became so great in my life that it captivated me. After all was said and done, I was met with disappointment, as I came to realize the worlds opposition on bodybuilders.I wish I could tell you that I stayed true with my dreams, or that I didn’t let the world decide what looked best, but I did. For as long as I can remember, all I wanted was to be Dorain Yates, to be great. I wish I could explain what it felt like to accomplish a dream only to have it turn against you. For the first time in what felt like forever, I no longer wanted to be great, I wanted to be â€Å"normal. † Maybe I had taken it too far, maybe they were right, or maybe they all had a misunderstood concept of what bodybuilding is really about.

The Influence of the Internet on Modern Society.

?The influence of the internet on modern society. CSC 1015 By Ryan Foreman 091811594 Introduction This essay focuses on the impact that the interent has had on modern society. I will give a brief history of the internet, talking about its origins and the key developments that have occured up until now. Then look at how the internet has changed society so far, including how it has changed social interactions, e-commerce and jobs. Also discussing the advantages and disadvatages of the interent and if we are better of with the internet, how i think the internet will develop and finally drawing my own personal conclusion. History of the internet – Before the invention of practical computers, people had visioned concepts of the internet Mountbatten, (1946 cited in Naughton,2000) thought that â€Å"Morse operators would be replaced by automatic apparatus . . . a single unified world-wide network of stations would be set up over which messages would be passed automatically. † Mountbatten's theory is simular to the function of e-mails. The term â€Å"father of the internet† has been thrown abouut, this is because so many people have contributed to the development of the internet three names always occur Vannevar Bush, Norbert Wiener and J. C. R Licklider. My personal opinion is that it was Paul Baran, this is because of his work on packet switched networks Naughton, (2000) â€Å"The core of Baran's algorithm was a constantly updated table containg data about how many ‘hops' were needed for a message to reach every other node in the system. † This is the idea of packet switching. The first form of the public internet was developed by CERN and invented by Tim Berners-lee he was the first person to communicate from a HTTP client to a server via the internet. Since the internet has become avaliable it has had millions of users, the internet have expanded vastly from being able to communicate from one computer to another to having television channels broadcasted live. How the internet has changed society so far. Society has been able to become socially active online with social networking sites such as facebook, myspace and Instant messaging services, i think the reason this has become popular is because these websites and programs are free and the ease of access, allowing people anywhere to talk to anyone in the world providing they have internet access. High street stores, have developed websites to advertise what they have instore online, giving the user the abilty to buy the product online and have it delivered to their house without having to go to the high street, i see this as a great advantage to people who live in remote locations, do not have mobile transport or are unable to travel, having an online store appeals to alot more people and gives the comapny a larger market. The internet has created many jobs, with the development of servers people are needed to maintain them, well as website developers and people needed to develop new technologies for the internet. Banks now allow customers to monitor their accounts online,[6] â€Å"49% of internet users access internet banking. † giving them more control over their account and they can check themselves. I personally think that this is a bad idea because of the risk of fraud and people becoming paranoid about their money, on the other hand account holders can also keep track of their finances incase illegal transactions are taking place. Thanks to the internet employees can work from anywhere, saving office space and capital costs on bulidings, i think that this has changed alot of workplace ethics, social workplace interaction has changed because employees are not working together in one place, although if employees are happy to work from home they may have higher job satisfaction. The benefits of the internet In the following paragraph i will discuss the advantage of the internet in modern day society. The interent has created new was of communication, such s instant messaging and video confencing but i think that the biggest influence is e-mail [1]†The use of e-mail is having a great impact on society. † E-mail has changed communication that now businesses use it. [1] â€Å"E-mail is a very fast way to work that reflects very well the nature of business today. † because of its efficiency, cost and ease of use e-mail has become a favoured method of communication. Business has thived on the intern et, internet business are able to reach a wider market [2]†Through the internet, a business of any size can compete in the global marketplace. In fact, on the internet, the size of an organization's operation makes little difference because the internet is an open environment. † because anyone has access to the internet businesses can reach anyone also giving the customer a wider choice of products. The internet has also seen new markets for jobs appear [3]†over the last decade or so the Internet has created 1. 2 million jobs, many paying higher salaries than average. † because of the new developments there are more people needed to perform research maintain and manage these areas of the internet. The dangers of the internet. In this paragraph i will be looking at the disadvantages of the internet. There are dangers of online communication such as social networks where users can lie about who they are [4]â€Å"Megan thought she was being abused by 16-year-old Josh Evans, she was actually talking to Lori Drew, the 49-year-old mother of one of her former friends who, it is alleged, had set up a fake profile to taunt Megan. † in social networking sites it is very easy for people to lie about who they are and trick other people. Businesses using online transactions have become victim to cyber-crime, there are many forms of cyber-crime, hacking involves gaining information without the users permission and misusing it, Cyber-crime is a huge part crime in todays society and is still growing [5]â€Å"Online theft costs $1 trillion a year, the number of attacks is rising sharply and too many people do not know how to protect themselves† because many businesses don't know how to protect themselves are being preyed on by hackers. Since e-mails have become mainstream less letters have been sent [6] â€Å"The impact of the internet and other communication technologies, such as mobile phones, has been so great that it has actually severed the link between the postal market and economic growth. † this decline in the postal market may be [6] â€Å"the rapid increase of internet access, with 70% of homes in the UK now online. † and also [6] â€Å"87% of internet users send e-mails. † because so many people have access to the internet and e-mails post is becoming redundant. If the benefits outways the dangers In this paragraph I will draw a conclusion on whether the benefits of the internet outway the dangers. Businesses have hugely benefitted from the internet with the access to a wider market, but a major disadvantage is cyber-crime one crime in specific fraud. I beleive the advantage outways the disadvantage because there are many ways businesses can protect themselves against fraud with software and training. Social networks have a huge advantage of being able to communicate with vast amounts of people from anywhere at any time, but people many younger internet users are targeted and negatively influenced over these sites, these influences can be stopped if the correct action can be taken a careful use of these sites. There have been so many jobs created by the internet because of all the new markets being created, aswell as all of these jobs being created many jobs have been lost [6]â€Å"55,000 jobs lost since 2002. . There have been many more jobs created than lost so far so i see the internet being an advantage. Summary The internet has vastly changed society through the many different areas that i have looked at, communication has greatly benefitted by having fast, easy and cheap communication, businesses have been able to reach a larger market and customers can choose from a wider range of products, more skilled jobs have been created. The internet has also created negative aspects such as communication and businesses have xperienced crime and online bullying, also many jobs have been lost because less people are using some services that the internet can now provide. My own personal experience of the internet has been of all of the areas discussed and i have always had good experiences. In conclusion the internet has created so many new jobs and markets rather than taken them away, as [6]â€Å"70% of homes in the UK now online. † it has affect a huge amount of the UK society and had a positive affect or people wouldn't use it.

Rationale for the Biblical Worldview Essay Essay

Every person has a worldview whether he realizes it or not. What is a worldview? James W. Sire defines a worldview as: [A] commitment, a fundamental orientation of the heart, that can be expressed as a story or in a set of presuppositions (assumptions which may be true, partially true or entirely false) that we hold (consciously or subconsciously, consistently or inconsistently) about the basic constitution of reality, and that provides the foundation on which we live and move and have our being. Stated more succinctly, â€Å"†¦[A] worldview is simply the total set of beliefs that a person has about the biggest questions in life.† F. Leroy Forlines describes such questions as the â€Å"inescapable questions of life.† Life’s inescapable questions include the following: â€Å"Is there a God? If so, what is He like? How can I know Him? Who am I? Where am I? How can I tell right from wrong? Is there life after death? What should I and what can I do about guilt? How can I deal with my inner pain?† Life’s biggest, inescapable questions relate to whether there is a God, human origins, identity, purpose, and the hereafter, just to mention a few. Satisfying answers to the â€Å"inescapable questions of life† are provided by the Holy Scriptures. The Holy Scriptures, consisting of the Old and New Testaments, form the starting point and foundation for the biblical worldview. More specifically related to our purposes, the apostle Paul reflects several components of the biblical worldview in his letter to the Romans. The apostle Paul authored Romans toward the end of his third missionary journey, about 57 A.D. He addressed this letter specifically to the Christians in Rome. At the time the church in Rome consisted of Jewish and Gentile believers, with Gentile Christians in the majority. Paul wrote to the Christians in Rome in order to address specific concerns and challenges they were facing. While Romans was an occasional letter (not a systematic  theology), Paul presents the Gospel of Jesus Christ in a very systematic fashion. The Gospel is actually the overarching theme of Romans as Paul spells this out in his programmatic statement in 1:16–17. As the systematic presentation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, Romans is foundational to the biblical/Christian worldview. Recognizing that Romans is not a systematic theology and does not contain all the essential truths that are relevant to a worldview per se, the apostle Paul articulates truths that are foundational to the biblical worldview. In Romans 1–8, Paul addresses certain components of a worldview that relate to the natural world, human identity, human relationships, and culture. In a 750–1000-word essay, describe what Romans 1–8 teaches regarding (1)the natural world, (2)human identity,(3) human relationships, and (4) culture. Furthermore, (5)explain how this teaching of these topics affects your worldview. Make sure that you address each of these topics in your essay. †¢As an essay, it must be written with excellent grammar, spelling, and style. †¢Begin your essay with an interesting introduction that contains a precisely stated thesis. End your essay with a strong conclusion that summarizes your main points succinctly. Structure of assignment paragraphs: †¢Introduction/Thesis (approximately 75 words) †¢The Natural World (approximately 150–200 words) †¢Human Identity (approximately 150–200 words) †¢Human Relationships (approximately 150–200 words) †¢Culture (approximately 150–200 words) †¢Conclusion (approximately 75 words) †¢Use each of the categories above as headers for each paragraph in your essay. †¢The body of your essay must address the specified components of the assignment in excellent grammatical style. †¢Your essay must be typed in a Microsoft Word document using Times New Roman, 12-point font. †¢It must be single spaced, and must contain 750–1000 words. †¢All sources must be cited, and a bibliography must be included. †¢Format your paper in a Microsoft Word  document using current APA, MLA, or Turabian style (whichever corresponds to your degree program). Review the Biblical Worldview Essay Grading Rubric to see the specific grading criteria by which you will be evaluated before submitting your essay. †¢Do not footnote Scripture references; cite them parenthetically within the essay body following the quotation or allusion to the biblical text. Submit this assignment using SafeAssign by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 7.

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment - Comparing Entrepreneurs Assignment

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment - Comparing Entrepreneurs from different Industries- Ratan Tata & Warren Buffett - Assignment Example Ratan began his schooling at Campion School and finished the secondary education at John Connon School. He later joined Cornell University for a Bachelor of Science in structural engineering thereby graduating in 1962. Ratan joined the Harvard Business School in 1975 for an Advanced Management Program. Tata’s career beginnings in 1961 involved shoveling limestone and managing the blast furnace at Tata Steel. Thirty years later, J.R.D stepped down as the director of Tata Sons thereby endorsing Ratan as his successor. Ratan’s superb management and entrepreneurial skills created significant success for the company. For instance, the conglomerate acquired Tetley, Jaguar land Rover, and Corus thereby transforming from an Indian Company to a global one. The company currently sources 65% of its revenues from abroad. Ratan highly participated in the creation of Tata Nano, the world’s least costly passenger car. On December 2012, Ratan retired from his chief executive responsibility thereby becoming a chairman emeritus of Tata Group. Ratan continues making new deals and eyeing the evolving business opportunities such as e-commerce. He has also continued a close working relationship with the British Jaguar Land Rover Company. Ratan Tata has other duties both in India and abroad. For instance, he is a member and a contributor in the country’s Trade and Industry ministry. In addition, he is part of the jury of Pritzker Architecture Prize, which is considered an influential prize giving program for architectures. Globally, Ratan possesses key duties. For instance, he is a dean’s advisor at Harvard Business School. His significant contributions to the contemporary society has made earn numerous awards. In 2008, the Government of India awarded Ratan Padma Vibhushan, which is one of the highest civilian honors. Warren Buffett was born in Omaha, in 1930. He is among the three children of the late Congressman, Howard Buffett. Howard

There Is No Such Thing as Rest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

There Is No Such Thing as Rest - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the history of slavery in America goes back to the times of its discovery by Christopher Columbus in the early 16th century. The discovery was followed by the invasion led by Spanish, British and French rulers who wanted to exploit the vast wealth of new world. They also brought the shipload of African slaves so that could have free labor to work in the fields and do other menial work. African tribal were initially captured from the west coast of Africa and later traded as slaves in the European market. They were skilled farmers and were also known for their artwork on metal and wood. Europeans exploited them by making them slaves and using their skilled labor for free. Hence, when they were short of farm laborers in America, African slaves were brought to America, thereby starting the tradition of slavery in America. For centuries, whites have been enjoying the free labor of slaves and have become used to treating the blacks as second-c lass citizens. Slavery was made into a full-fledged tradition with Africans and nonwhites becoming slaves for life. They were deprived of their rights to live in dignity vis-Ã  -vis fair living condition, food, and education. When native population or American Indians as they were known as started to rebel, control over blacks became the major concern for the Whites. The conflict escalated into the famous 7 years war which finally concluded into American Revolution. Mantis asserts that American Revolution became the catalyst for the abolition of slavery. American Revolution was significant because it laid the foundation for free democratic America, which promoted empowerment of the people.

Neoclassical architecture in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Neoclassical architecture in England - Essay Example Soane's style is marked by clean lines, adherence to form, detail, excellent sense of mood and light in the interior, which can be attributed to his influence to classical architecture. His creations, which came to be known by the end of the Georgian era were overshadowed by the Romantic period and it was only in the 19th century that he was duly acknowledged for his contribution. Though Soane's life is marked by controversies, his creations have left their mark and have been a source of inspiration for many. Born in 1753, this son of a bricklayer, trained under George Dance the Younger and Henry Holland before entering the Royal Academy Schools in 1771. His hard work was rewarded when he won a gold medal for his design for a triumphal bridge and a scholarship to France and Italy. This trip was significant since it not only shaped his opinions on architecture but also enabled him to form valuable contacts that would be of use to him in later years. It was during this study tour that he studied classical architecture in minute detail and worked on designs for many public buildings. He drew influence from the work of Ledoux, Boullee and Goindoin and got the chance to meet Piranesi in Italy. He later moved to Ireland in search of good prospects but had to return to England and set up a practice. His early career comprised renovations and additions to country est ates and in publishing his designs. The turning point of his career occurred when he took over as the architect and surveyor of the Bank of England. A major task, which set the tone for his later creations, he was entrusted with the responsibility of enlarging and rebuilding the entire structure of the bank, a complicated task because of its form and structure. He reconstructed the edifice using the Roman Corinthian, a variety found in the temple of Sibyl at Tivoli, which, despite its shortcomings, was considered a great innovation in that era. His most popular work, The Bank of England embodies the values of Greek architecture and had a profound influence on commercial architecture of that time. Soane served many posts many of which were controversial and it has been argued that his unconventional style flourished largely due to the security of his position. He undertook many public and private commissions such as public galleries and renovating country homes. He faced a lot of ridicule for his designs because though they were carefully planned, his later creations had a lot of faulty elevation details and ostentatious ornamentation. This did not affect Soane who gained membership to the Royal Academy in Britain and seven years later was elevated to first class, where he replaced late William Chambers. In 1806, he became a professor of architecture with a commitment to deliver series of lectures annually. He then began collecting various forms of art and books for the benefit of students of architecture, which were later, offered to the nation after his death. A quiet and a withdrawn person by nature, his architectural affiliations were based on French theory and exuberance combined with the formal opulence of the English picturesque theory. He was deeply influenced by classical architecture as his lectures laid emphasis on "good taste" and "sound judgement". But along with these values, he also stressed on the need for character and

Othello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Othello - Essay Example ful reevaluation of the play points to the fact that the ultimate victim in this classic play by Shakespeare is not Desdemona but Brabantio – Desdemona’s father. Brabantio, a Venetian Senator, awoke one night from a commotion brought about by Iago and Roderigo as they notify him that Desdemona has absconded with the "black ram" or "Barbary horse," or Othello. The two men tells the senator that the "lascivious Moor" has taken Desdemona and she has "made a gross revolt,/ Tying her duty, beauty, wit, and fortunes/ In an extravagant and wheeling stranger/ Of here and every where (1.1.126-137)." When sense that his daughter is not in her bed, he ensues to place the culpability on his daughter and likewise blames Othello. Most critics would argue that Brabantio should have blamed himself more that anyone else (Hageman 67). On the other hand, Brabantio is deceived by the two, eloping without his consent. Brabantio’s sensibilities are injured by this act as first, he is a respected senator in Venice, and second, he is the father of a girl who ran away with a person he considered friend. Embarrassed and furious, Brabantio anxiously cries out t o Roderigo, "O unhappy girl!--/ With the Moor, sayst thou?--Who would be a father!--/ How didst thou know twas she?---O, she deceives me/ Past thought!......O treason of the blood!/ Fathers, from hence trust not your daughters minds/ By what you see them act (1.1.163-171)." Brabantio’s initial reaction demonstrates fury as he suffers betrayal from Desdemona, the daughter he adores. The words "treason of the blood" are particularly significant as they propose not only an act of unjustifiable trickery but also a profundity of fervor for his daughter – which in effect, a trickery he fails to grasp. Eventually, he illustrates Desdemonas temperament as "A maiden, never bold;/ Of spirit so still and quiet that her motion/ Blushd at herself (1.3.94-96)." Brabantio asks himself how the two are able to deceive him. Failing to

Fina 307 assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fina 307 assignment 2 - Essay Example These offer many range of credit, banking and investment products and services to customers. The clients have been empowered to have access to a franchise network that stretches coast to coast through 32 states and the District of Columbia. Consumer Real Estate Services on the other hand provides real estate products to its customers. Consumer Real Estate Services products include fixed and adjustable mortgage services for loans and residential acquisition. The Global Banking services are intended to provide a range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management and treasury solutions to clients, and underwriting and advisory services through the Corporation’s network of offices and client relationship teams along with various product partners. Global Banking’s lending products and services include commercial loans, leases, commitment facilities, trade finance, real estate lending, asset-based lending and direct/indirect consumer loans. Global Markets offers sales and trading services, including research, to institutional clients across fixed income, credit, currency, and commodity and equity businesses. Global Markets product coverage includes securities and derivative products in both the primary and secondary markets. Global Markets provides market-making, financing, securities clearing, settlement and custody services globally to institutional investor clients in support of their investing and trading activities. The global wealth and investment management allows for the provision of a comprehensive wealth management solutions to many of its customers. These services include investment and brokerage services, estate and financial planning, fiduciary portfolio management, cash and liability management, and specia lty asset management. The study carried out a comprehensive statistical analysis of returns of shares of a bank of America

All About Controlled Drugs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

All About Controlled Drugs - Assignment Example 4. Intra-spinal: provides direct access to the spinal cord for the administration of specific drugs such as anesthetics. Requires trained staff and damage to the cord or hemorrhage are the disadvantages. (Howland, 2006) 6. Inhalational: main advantage is its use in the administration of anesthetic drugs as well as drugs for respiratory diseases since it provides easy access to lungs. Also, quick action because of extensive blood supply of lungs is another advantage. The short duration of action due to less partial pressure and exhalation of the inspired drug is a major disadvantage. Another disadvantage is a short list drug that can be administered by this route. (Howland, 2006) The major drug interactions and actions in the body include: Durg-Drug interaction i.e. addition of another drug might enhance or lower the activity of the drug. First Pass metabolism i.e. Drugs have taken through oral route undergo a process of activation and metabolism. This decreases their decreases their bioavailability and provides the bloodstream with the active metabolite of the drug. Drug-Enzyme interaction i.e. several enzymes in the body act on drugs to release their active metabolites. Drug-Receptor Interaction i.e. Final action of the drugs takes place when they bind to their specific receptors and cause either activation or deactivation of the receptor to produce the desired effect. (Katzung, 2009) Antidepressants: these drugs include Diazepam, Verapamil and Lorazepam etc. the generic names are Xanax etc. These drugs more commonly known as sleeping pills inhibit Gaba receptor and lower the levels of stress. Opioids: These drugs have a specific action of painkillers. They act on their specific opioid receptors in the body namely alpha, beta, and mu. They bind to these receptors and inhibit the transmission of pain sensation or alteration of brain’s perception of pain. (Howland, 2006)

Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt Biography Essay Example for Free

Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt Biography Essay D. O. B-D. O. B: September 6, 1817 September 19, 1893, in London, England and came to Canada in 1835 to work for the British American Land Company. Family Information: On February 9, 1848, Galt married Elliott Torrance, the daughter of John Torrance, of Saint-Antoine Hall, Montreal. She died on May 25, 1850, shortly after giving birth to their only son, Elliott. Later he married her younger sister, Amy Gordon Torrance. Amy gave birth to 7 daughters and 2 more sons. They lived in Montreal at their house within the Golden Square Mile, which Galt built in about 1860. Galt appears to have had a very non-sectarian approach to religious faith and although the grandson of a Calvinist theologian, Alexander Galt supported both the Methodist and Anglican churches while his wife, Amy, was a lifelong Presbyterian. Occupation: He was a politician, member of the Canadian parliament. Is the Father of Confederation. Personality: Alexander Tilloch Galt, who was of Scottish descent, spent his early years with his brothers John and Thomas partly in the London area, partly in Scotland. Addiction: Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt had no addictions to anything. Political Party: Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt is from a Liberal-Conservative party. Political Beliefs: He was a member of the Great Coalition government in the Province of Canada that secured Confederation between 1864 and 1867. He became a leading figure in the creation of the Coalition when he was asked to become premier of the Province of Canada by then Governor General Sir Edmund Walker Head. Doubting his own ability to demand the loyalty of the majority of members of the Legislative Assembly, he turned down the position, but recommended that George-Etienne Cartier and John A. Macdonald be asked to become co-leaders of the new government. Political Career: The remainder of Galts political career was spent as the Canadian governments representative abroad until 1883, when he returned to the business world. Chronic health problems late in life forced him to limit his activities after 1890. He died at home in Montreal on September 19, 1893 Contribution to Confederation: He was one of the pioneers of the philosophy of Confederation. As early as 1858, he proposed a federation of the colonies of British North and planned the financial arrangements for the new nation. After Confederation, he served briefly as the Minister of Finance, but drifted into the position of Independent Conservative and in 1880 he was appointed as the first high commissioner to Great Britain which he kept until 1883. Additional Information: Alexander Tilloch Galt was one of the most influential politicians of his time. His role was most prominent during the constitutional conferences; he was involved in the issue of economic development and was committed to defending the rights of religious minorities. These things together made him truly one of the Fathers of Confederation. In 1824, Alexanders father John Galt founded the Canada Company a settlement company active in the area of Lake Huron and laid the groundwork for the city of Guelph, Ontario. It was during this time that the young Alexander first came to Canada, in 1828. He remained for two years. Despite the failure of the Canada Company, John Galt helped found the British American Land Company in 1834 and arranged for his son to be taken on as a clerk in the Sherbrook office. Thus, in 1835, Alexander Tilloch Galt returned to Canada for the second time. In 1840, he drafted a report on the companys successes and failures, and the document made its way to London. Galt had made an impression: in October 1843, the London office made him secretary of the British American Land Company and, in 1844, he was named commissioner.

Disadvantages In Regard To Leisure Choices Sociology Essay

Disadvantages In Regard To Leisure Choices Sociology Essay Taking a thorough assessment of the society we live in, it is evident that women are in many ways disadvantaged as regards leisure choice compared to men. Leisure is itself seen as a psychological experience of enjoyment and satisfaction which occurs within the framework of time or activity. Leisure includes things like watching television, participating in sports, meeting friends, engaging in hobbies and going to events (Doughty, 2010). It requires plenty of time and psychological fitness for one have the best of it. Women are the most disadvantaged due to various constraints they encounter in society. Womens access to free time and leisure opportunities are controlled by such factors as their work and domestic situation, their low income level together with age and ethnic group. These constraints may include structural factors such as family obligations, financial resources, weather factors and work time (Shaw 1994). In most societies, it is normally regarded as womens duty to take care of the family as well as looking after children. As far as these constraining factors have assisted in understanding leisure participation among women, further adjustments can be reached through specific examination of their sub-groups. This is because the constraints are different to the various categories of women basing on their ages. For instance, girls between the age of fifteen and below have limited access to leisure activities since they have restricted time to engage in recreational activities (Kiefer, 2004). They face such constraints as lack of knowledge, lack of accessibility to recreational facilities as influenced by their parents, lack of interest in various recreational facilities and lack of partners (Rehman et al., 2003). At this age, girls are still in school and do not have time to engage in those activities as tourism except during holidays where they can move around the world with their families, but for a very short period of time. Everything they do is influenced by their parents and it is usually difficult for them to decide for themselves. These girls may not necessarily be affected by those limitations such as the interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints since they are still young and have nothing to worry about. They engage in sporting activities in school as part of the co-curricular activities of any school which may not be regarded as leisure (Young people at Play, n.d.). Their weak physical situations discourage them from getting actively involved sports events. These girls are not affected by financial constraints since they are young and all their needs are met by their parents. However, their participation may depend on their cultural background, that is, race and ethnicity play an important role in determining a familys influence on childrens leisure. For example, those from the developing countries grow in hardship where there is hardly any money to take them to school. Therefore, they only resort in dropping out of school and engage in child labor to earn living for their parents and thus have no time for leisure or time to involve themselves in any recreational activities (Shaw 1994). In addition, girls from these developing countries such as in Africa and Asia do not have role models who can motivate them to engage in sporting activities such as football, athletics, volleyball etc. At the same time, their families cannot afford to take them around the world as tourists since they do not have enough money to cater for it. Those from Western countries are a bit different because their parents have the financial strength to finance their education and hav e role models in the society who encourage them to involve themselves in sports. Some are even motivated to engage in music activities, for example, in the US where some girls become superstars at very tender ages. All in all, these girls are more dependent on parental consent and support for recreational activities. On the other hand, young single ladies mostly of the age between 15 and 25 years have different experiences on leisure, sports and other recreational activities. At this age they can easily make mature independent decisions and they therefore face peculiar constraints as regards to their leisure involvement. Based on their perception of sporting activities, these women highly suffer from the limitations of low self-esteem and lack the belief that they may be talented or competent in any recreational activities (Goliath, 2002). Most of these women have just finished school and still looking for employment and therefore have high financial problems. This renders them unable to get involved in both leisure and recreational activities without the help of their parents. The constraints may also depend on the cultural background. Women from poverty stricken countries such as the developing countries experience those intrapersonal constraints such as stress, family attitudes and personal ev aluations of the appropriateness of an activity (Goliath, 2002). Since these women may not have acquired the appropriate education as a result of their background, they may end up engaging themselves in activities such as prostitution and other criminal activities. As a result, they have no time for leisure, sports and other recreational activities. Additionally, they do not have the financial ability to visit other countries as tourists. Various interpersonal constraints such as relationships with others and the ability to find partners as well as the influence of family obligations also affect their leisure involvement. As a result of the societal stress, these women do not have the time enjoy recreational activities with their peers. In addition, they lack role models in the society who may encourage them to engage in productive activities and they therefore end up living desperately. Though women are normally strong physically at this age, inadequate education and lack of awareness about the benefits of participating in sports has been the main reason they never involve themselves. As a result, physical education is often not admired among the females in school (Goliath 2002). Young women aged between 15 and 25 years from developed countries also experience intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints as regards their leisure involvement. These Western women have the constraints such as those of structural factors including financial resources and work time constraints. Those who have jobs do not have time for leisure and recreational activities and hardly get time to engage in sports. Those who do not have jobs have financial problems as well as low esteem and they do not have trust in themselves hence they cannot get involved in leisure activities. As far as sport is concerned, many governments have not taken the initiative to persuade women to participate. They have had less concern in terms providing sponsorship, coverage in media, awareness and the provision of opportunities for women in sport as compared to their male counterparts (Goliath, 2002). Some sports disciplines such as football is far widely considered to be for men yet some women have shown to be as equally talented in it. Furthermore, women with children have different limitations concerning their time for leisure. Some of the women in this category have limited time, money as well as limited access to leisure facilities. Most of these women are married and are mostly disadvantaged with regard to time for leisure. Women with children are normally held by household obligations and family commitments such as child care together with economic constraints (Borg Clark, n.d.). Due to male chauvinism in most societies, many women earn very little incomes which and this has proven to be constraining on their lives as well as on their leisure lives. Women who are employed are said to experience a double shift to their household obligations hence have no time for leisure participation as compared to their male counterparts (Martinson, Schwartz Vaughan, 2002). However, leisure, recreational activities, and sport have different implications depending on the cultural background of women. Those from poor backgrounds have limited access to leisure activities and are mostly unemployed since job opportunities are rare. Most of their time is spent taking care of children and farming so as to sustain their families. It is usually very hard for them to think about touring other countries or engage in any recreational activities due to financial constraints. They are highly constrained by societal stress and have very low esteem to even think of participating in any sporting activities and they not only have little time for themselves, but they also never feel that they have a right to leisure for themselves (Martinson, Schwartz Vaughan, 2002). Other women fear for violence especially in those leisure settings far from home. At times, they regard taking care of their families as their prime duty since most of their husbands are jobless and never ca re about them. Similarly, women with children from developed countries have little time for leisure and other recreational activities such as sports and tourism. Those who have jobs have are the ones said to have double shift, that is, have little time for leisure because they need to balance the time they spend with their family and that spend in work. These women spend much of their time either in job or at home. Most of them make use of computer-based technology for leisure designed to make them busy such as the internet and believe that time spent or even activities pursued with family are the most important (Kramarae Spender, 2000). In most cases, especially at times when they are free from work, most women wish to recreate around the world together with their families but their children prevent them. This is because children are usually cumbersome to travel with. Generally, women with children are usually unwilling to get involved in sporting activities. They only take part in body fitting exercises such as jogging in the mornings. Most of them think they cannot manage to participate in sports activities such as athletics, football etc. and regard nurturing their children as their key role in the society. They only watch their favorite soccer teams or even basketball teams on televisions during their free moments on weekends. The type of profession a woman is in may also act as a constraint to her leisure life. Nurses for example have the ethic of care in their minds all the time which is connected to the lack of a sense of right to leisure (Martinson, Schwartz Vaughan, 2002). Women who are single parents and do not high paying jobs mostly encounter financial constraints which is normally constraining to life in general and to their leisure lives as well. This is due to the fact that they have to cater for the basic needs of their children. By meeting food, shelter, clothing and educational expenses for the children, the amounts that remain may be too little to cater for recreational activities. Old women have various constraints to leisure participation as well. Their participation in various recreational activities is highly influenced by health related problems, poor performance quality and lack of companions (Leitner Leitner, 2004). In general, older people are said to suffer from health problems more than young people. Particular health problems limit participation in specific leisure activities (Women Sports and Fitness Foundation, n.d.). Older women with sight problems cannot freely engage in activities such as tourism, exercises and other recreational activities that include work. Research has shown that older women like to engage more in inactive recreation such as watching television, listening to radio and reading newspapers rather than participate in active forms of recreation (Leitner Leitner, 2004). This is due to the fear that they may get injuries resulting to their children putting them in nursing homes. Moreover, older women are seen to be economically di sadvantaged and also tend to have more household and family obligations which make them have less free time to take part in leisure activities. Most of them like stay at home and take care of their grandchildren. These actions of care giving reduce their leisure activities due to lack of time, tiredness, and other intrapersonal constraints such as stress (Leitner Leitner, 2004). Older women leisure involvement is also influenced by attitude (Henderson Bialeschki, 1990). These women only participate in those leisure activities which they consider as meaningful to them (Greer, 2006). Some leisure activities that are taken as being for fun but have no purpose are highly ridiculed by the elderly women. Most of these aged women view their old age negatively and have a feeling that they should not be involved in recreational and leisure activities because they think that people their age should not have leisure anymore (Leitner Leitner, 2004). At their old ages, they have lost taste for most of the recreational activities such as swimming and look upon them as for the young and strong people. As regards to sporting activities, aged women are incapable of participating actively and can only watch on televisions since most of them have health related problems. The level to which aged women are disadvantaged with respect to leisure involvement may also depend on their cultural background. Majority of women from developing countries spend most of their time taking care of their grandchildren and never have time to involve themselves in recreational activities (Leitner Leitner, 2004). Most of them remain within their homesteads all day and have never visited a foreign country and even never think of activities like tourism. They do not even think of having leisure as their right and are most of the times stressed as a result of their children dropping out of school, lack of food due to drought etc. Most of the developing countries are faced with the problem of diseases and therefore a big number of the aged women have health complications hence they can hardly participate in any leisure or sports activities (Leitner Leitner, 2004). Older women from developed countries are quite different from their counterparts on how they perceive these recreational activities. As for them, they may like to tour other countries but factors such as health related problems, family commitments, among others hold them back (Leitner Leitner, 2004). This is because they are unable get involved in those recreational events like mountain-climbing, skiing and skating. They have leisure by watching televisions and reading magazines unlike those from developing countries who are mostly too illiterate to read newspapers and have little access or interest in television. Their lack of leisure involvement is mainly affected by attitude. This is shown by the fact that they ignore some recreational activities that do not add value to their lives at those old ages. Most of them like sports events though their weak health may not be in a position to withstand them. Consequently, they follow these events on televisions or go to the venues where sports activities are held accompanied by other family members such as their grandchildren. Though some women are good in sports, they never get the recognition they deserve (Stavropoulou, 2008). Some sports such as rugby and football are regarded as mens and women who shine in them get very little or no attention at all (Goliath, 2002). Governments can increase women participation in sports by encouraging wider media representation and giving rewards to the best personalities in the various sport categories. By doing so, young women will be encouraged to participate in sports regardless of their cultural backgrounds and earn money for themselves which may in turn increase their leisure participation. In conclusion, it is evident that women are the most disadvantaged when it comes to leisure participation as compared to men. It has been seen that their lack of sports involvement is as a result of poor attention by most governments and the notion that most sports disciplines are better suited for men. However, it is clear that their access to recreational facilities is mainly influenced by factors such as time availability, household and family obligations, financial stability and cultural background. Women have also been found to be constrained differently depending on their ages.

Ventricular Assist Devices :: Heart Transplants Health Technology Essays

Ventricular Assist Devices The Jarvik 2000 is a vast improvement in artificial hearts since its predecessor the Jarvik-7. The Jarvik 2000 is a ventricular assist device. Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD) are a less invasive alternative to an artificial heart transplant. They are intended to assist the heart in pumping blood, not to replace the heart. These devices are implanted into the body and pump blood through the aorta thus, relieving the weakened ventricle of its normal workload. It works as a rotary pump so that blood is constantly flowing and therefore there is no longer a pulse. This device is not completely self-contained; a battery pack and the external components must be worn around the waist. This allows the patient unrestricted movement and not be immobilized as was the case for the original artificial heart. The battery pack transmits energy up to a component around the skull, the power is then conducted through wires that pass internally down the neck. Unlike Jarvik-7, which was to serve as a temporary artificial heart until a donor was found and a transplant could be performed, the Jarvik-2000 is being developed as a permanent assist device.5 Peter Houghton Mr. Peter Houghton is the first patient who was fitted with the ventricular assist device. He was 61 years old during the time of the operation, which took place in June of 2000. Mr. Houghton, who was suffering from heart failure, was only expected to live a couple of weeks longer without a heart transplant or artificial help. He underwent the procedure that took 14 hours in order prolong his life. He showed significant progress six weeks after his surgery with his heart and liver functions improving greatly. Mr. Houghton is capable of exercise due to the ability to manually control the blood flow rate of the device throughout his body. Recently on August 16, 2004 Mr. Houghton set the world record for longest time as a patient living with a cardiac assist device, at that day he had lived with the device for 1518 days. His condition has improved so much that he can live with the device turned off for short periods of time.

Essay --

I am hired as an Information Security Engineer for a videogame development company. The organization network structure is given in the diagram. I was notified that malicious activities are taking place in the network structure. They can effect protection of the intellectual property and highly sensitive data maintained by the organization. I am assigned to resolve these issues that arise in the network structure. In this document I will analyze and assess potential malicious attacks and threats that may be carried out against the network along with potential vulnerabilities that may exist in the documented network. Also I will tell the potential impact of all malicious attacks & threats and identified vulnerabilities to the network and the organization. Malicious attacks and threats to network are attacks that can be done by exploiters and hackers to get into network and steal the network information. There are different types of malicious attacks. Passive attacks look for encrypted data and perform algorithms to decrypt. They can enter the hole where encrypted data is being decrypted or look for clear passwords. In an active attack attacker bypasses or break into secured network. They can use viruses, Trojan horses, stealers, exploits or bugs (1). They can penetrate the network system to steal data or to change data or to shut down the system. A distributed attack requires that the adversary introduce code, such as a Trojan horse or back-door program, to a â€Å"trusted† component or software that will later be distributed to many other companies; users Distribution attacks focus on the malicious modification of hardware or software at the factory or during distribution. These attacks introduce malicious code such as a bac... ...nd Routing protocols. Operating system weaknesses includes operating system vulnerabilities like not updating the operating system. Configuration weaknesses include unsecured user accounts, System accounts with easily guessed passwords, Misconfigured Internet services, unsecured default settings of the software products, and misconfigured network equipment’s. Security Policy Weaknesses include lack of written security policy, poorly chosen or default passwords, inadequate monitoring and auditing, unapproved applications installation (Rufi, 2007). Mail Servers are other targets in which hackers want to gain access to network resources. Companies that access e-mail from the Internet, especially, are potential targets (Rampat). Threats can be performed to the network when attackers take advantage of the vulnerabilities and it has a negative impact on the network.

Relation Between Law And Morality :: essays research papers

Factors Affecting Life In The Fourteenth Century   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By all accounts, humanity was faring pretty well in the period from the eleventh century to the thirteenth. The population was steadily increasing due to better farming methods that better feed the people in Europe at this time. Significant social and political changes proved to be making life more stable, and there were many advances being made in the intellectual community. This stability, however, was upset by some of the most sever calamities ever to affect modern society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Things began going downhill during the early thirteen hundreds, when Europe encountered what was latter termed to be a, â€Å"little ice-age.† This very subtle shift in economic patterns was enough to cause rampant malnutrition and even starvation in some heavy hit areas. Things were so bad that historians now believe that the famine may be responsible for a nearly ten percent drop in population in during the first half of that century. Although this is a staggering figure in itself, it is widely believed that it also had a hand in further reducing the population via the most terrible epidemic know to man; the Black Death, or the bubonic plague.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Black Death was the most lethal outbreak in recorded history. While different sources have conflicting figures, it is widely believed that the Plague wiped out up to fifty percent of the entire population. The plague itself was probably brought to Europe from Asia through trade ships or caravans, where it was spread through flees that lived on rats that co-existed in the cities and other urban areas. Lacking present day knowledge about bacteria and biology in general, the seemingly arbitrary spread of the Black Death completely baffled the early European, who attributed it to all sorts of things, such as Jews or the wrath of a vengeful God. The unfathomable amount of death had very negative effects on almost every human institution, such as the religious establishment and normal social behavior. It must have a terrifying era to live in, and is a situation that hasn’t been duplicated in nearly 700.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Probably owing partially to the examples already given, war and general social unrest were another evil that beset an already bewildered people. The most brutal and protracted single example would have to be the Hundred Years War between England and France. It was touched of 1337 when Philip VI, the king of France, forcefully seized the province of Gascony from the English.

Plts Award in Employement and Personal Learning Skills in Health

Unit 1- Preparing for an Apprenticeship 1. What are the components of your Apprenticeship? 1. 1 What are the components of your Apprenticeship framework and what is the relevance of each? | Functional Skills Level 1 (English & Maths) : Functional skills provide you with the basic skills that are required in day to day activities to support you in life, learning and work.Employment and Personal Learning and Thinking Skills Level 2 (PLTS) : Personal learning and thinking encourages the development of being able to generate ideas, tackle problems and find solutions, work independently or within teams and understand legal and organisational requirements. Certificate in Healthcare Support Services Level 2 : The purpose of this qualification is to guide and assess the development of knowledge and skills relating to the health workforce.This qualification confirms competence in a range of healthcare support service skills. | 1. 2 Describe how each component will be assessed| Functional Skil ls Level 1 (English & Maths) : This component will be assessed by the completion and achievement of external assessment (online or paper based test) achieved within an agreed timescale of the first 6 months. Employment and Personal Learning and Thinking Skills Level 2 (PLTS) : This component will be assessed by the completion of the PLTS workbook.Certificate in Healthcare Support Services Level 2 : The component will be assessed through work based learning. Demonstrating knowledge and performance within set criteria using a variety of methods, such as: Observations, Work Products, Case Studies, Professional/Guided Discussion. | 1. 3 Describe the purpose of the apprenticeship agreement| The apprenticeship agreement states that all persons involved in the apprenticeship are supportive to the learner achieving what has been agreed, and are fully committed to do so.This relies highly on the learner being dedicated and motivated to achieve their milestones, the employer being able to pro vide the learner with opportunities to learn with guidance from their mentor, with their mentor being able to recognise the learner’s individual learning styles and strengths in order to efficiently support and capture evidence to gain achievement of the framework within the agreed timescale. | Be able to set goals for the coming year. 2. 1 Describe the importance of meeting deadlines| Deadlines are there for a reason.Without a deadline to meet you could simply postpone whatever it is you have been working on for as long as possible resulting in work never getting done, which is hardly a productive way of working. It is therefore important to meet any deadlines that have been set. Failure to meet the deadlines puts you into a stressful position and may damage self motivation and efficiency with meeting set targets. The deadlines are there to help me as a learner achieve areas of my framework within a realistic timescale.Not meeting deadlines may result in falling behind other colleagues on work and could potentially assist in failure of tests/assessments that are carried out. | 2. 2 Describe the importance of being organised| Being organised will ensure successful completion of qualifications. Its helps me to know what is expected and helps to be prepared to meet those expectations. Once organised, I will not only be prepared to respond effectively, I’ll also find that organisation allows me to be more creative and productive. Organisation consists of prioritising my objectives making them easier to handle.For example delegate tasks that are not my strengths or are not in my area of expertise. Being unorganised will result in:High stress levelsMissed deadlinesMissed targetsUnder Achieving Letting yourself and others downPrevent others from supporting effectively| 2. 3 Create targets for own skills development and completion of the Apprenticeship. | Complete units and targets in time for deadlinesKeep work and research to a high standardResearch j ob opportunities or further educational routesBe punctualFollow policies and proceduresWork to the scope of practiceMaintain a professional appearanceUphold the Trust’s image|Understand the progression routes. 3. 1 What sources of information are available regarding progression routes? | Information that is available regarding progression routes and roles can be sourced from the Internet and YAS Intranet. | 3. 2 What are the possible progression routes within YAS? | There are many progression routes that can be taken after completing the apprenticeship. Three of the main roles are:Band 2/3 PTS DriverAssistant PractitionerParamedic |

Blue White Selection

Blue white selection  is a widely used method in screening recombinants in cloning. This is based on the gene product of lac z gene. The plasmid vectors contain this gene which produces  ? galactosidase  enzyme. When a gene is inserted close to  lac z gene, the reading frame will be distorted and the gene is inactivated. So the transformed cells will not produce this enzyme and are called competent cells. After the recombination, the bacterial cells are grown in a medium containing X gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-indolyl-? D-galactopyranoside) and  IPTG (Isopropyl ? -D-1-thiogalactopyranoside). IPTG acts as the inducer for lac z gene and enhance the production of ? galactosidase. When it is produced, combines with X gal to form a blue colour complex called  5,5†²-dibromo-4,4†²-dichloro-indigo  which is insoluble. The transformed colonies will appear white in colour and non- transformed cells will appear blue in colour. This method is also called as insertional inactiv ation of lac z gene. Hybridization  techniques are widely used to identify recombinants.This is based on the ability of nucleic acids hybridize with complementary DNA. The transformed cells are transferred on to a  nitrocellulose membrane  which is subjected to cell lysis. The double stranded DNA is converted to single stranded DNA and immobilized on the membrane. Then it is treated with radiolabelled  probes  complementary to target DNA. If the desired DNA is present, the probes will be hybridized which can be detected by autoradiography. Apart from these methods,  immunochemical methods  are used to detect protein products to screen recombinants.

Non thermal food preservation methods Essay

Food deteriorate in quality due to a wide range of chemical and enzymatic reactions, added to this the consumer demands faster production rate for high quality food with â€Å"fresh-like† characteristics and long shelf life, leading to the application of thermal processes for food preservation. However this thermal treatments cause undesirable effects on food flavor, color and nutritional attributes such as protein and vitamin destruction. These market conditions together with the disadvantages of the traditional food preservation technologies forced the food products manufacturers to seek for improvements in existing methods and the development of new preservation technologies. Called non-thermal food preservation methods, this new and emerging preservation techniques work by killing the microorganisms and inhibiting its enzymatic activity exerting a minimal impact on the nutritional and sensory properties of foods for an extended shelf life. Additionally non-thermal methods allow the processing of foods below temperatures traditionally used during thermal control processes, so flavors, vitamins and essential nutrients undergo minimal or no change. â€Å"They are also considered to be more energy efficient and to preserve better quality attributes than conventional thermally based processes. Non-thermal processes also meet industry needs by offering value-added products, new market opportunities and added safety margins (Morris et al., 2007)†. Foods can be non-thermally processed by high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, filtration, irradiation, hurdle technologies and electric methods such as pulsed electric fields, oscillating magnetic fields and high-voltage discharge. â€Å"Due to technological developments, high pressure processing and high electric field pulse processing have received increased attention during the last decade (Butz & Tauscher, 2002)  ¨. The main purpose of this assignment is to give a detailed review and approach to the non-thermal preservation technologies of pulsed electric field processing and high hydrostatic pressure processing by individually analyzing the objectives, equipment and process employed, effects in the food components and properties, and comparing and contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of each method to conclude which process can preserve in longer and in better shape the characteristics that define a â€Å"commercially† high quality product. PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD (PEF) Constituting a non-thermal treatment for food preservation which has a variety of uses in the field of food conservation, ranging from microorganism or enzyme inactivation and deceleration in liquid food to mass transfer process in plant materials (Wang et al., 2013). The application of PEF includes the implementation of short repeated high voltage pulses to form cell membranes and develops an alternative to the traditional pasteurization process in the food industry based on thermal processing (Janositz et al., 2011). Liquid, semi-liquid and solid food can undergo pulsed electric field processing. Objective Pulsed electric field processing use a strong defined system that rarely changes its foundations allowing it to keep the general objective of the non-thermal preservation technologies, inhibiting the enzymatic activation of that causes food decomposition using continuous intensive electrical pulses between electrodes to treat foods that consequently, inactivate microorganisms Equipment The food products that will be treated is a critical factor in design and equip with the adequate machinery the PEF system chamber, its hygienic design is also determining for the quality and safety of foods that will be treated and produced. The commonly used equipment for the pulsed electric field system consists of a high-voltage power source, and energy storage capacitor bank, a charging current limiting resistor, a switch to discharge energy from the capacitor across the food, and a treatment chamber (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). Treatment systems used in the pulsed electric field treatment can be classified as batch or continuous (Zhang et all., 2010). Batch or static system chamber consist in two parallel plates that provide the most uniform electric field area. Continuous have the same equipment for the high voltage pulse generator but also incorporate a pumping continuous system that allows the nonstop processing, necessary for the industrial application. Process Development The bank of capacitors is charged by a direct current power source from the amplified current main source. An electrical switch is used to discharge energy stored in the capacitor bank across the food held in the preservation/treatment chamber Mechanism of Action Pulsed electric field manages different types of voltages that cause different implications in the processed food, generating a short burst of high voltage to a food placed between two electrodes. When subjected to a higher electric voltage, a large flux of electric current flows through food surface acting a conductors because of the present of charge carriers like ions (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). Although the detailed mechanism that pulsed electric field uses to inactivate the enzymes and microorganism has not been fully clarified, two theories have been proposed: the dielectric breakdown theory and the electroporation theory (Zhang et all., 2010). In the dielectric breakdown mechanism a cell membrane with induced potential starts to compress from reversible pores to irreversible on the membrane, on the other hand the electroporation theory mechanism on a cell membrane makes a osmotic unbalance that swells and leads to a the membrane rupture. HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (HHP) High hydrostatic pressure alters the equilibrium between protein-protein and protein-solvent interactions at different levels of pressure and time combinations causing minimal loss of vitamins and flavor compounds maintaining the sensory and nutritional quality attributes of food products. Known for its versatility in its applications, HHP provides new alternatives in food products such as cakes, jams, sauces and fruit juices making the further investigation of high hydrostatic pressure is necessary for seeking more advantages in other food processing products (Yang et all., 2012). Like pulsed electric field process, high hydrostatic pressure is an alternative to conventional thermal pasteurization for food preservation (Yang et all., 2012). Objective Using up to 600 MPa of high pressure, high hydrostatic pressure objective is to achieve microbial inactivation or to alter the food attributes in order to obtain consumer-desired qualities maintaining its natural freshness and extending its shelf life, causing minimal changes in the original characteristics of food by eliminating thermal degradation. Equipment Although the equipment used for high hydrostatic pressure is expensive and specialized, due to its popularity is available in a variety of types and quality. Every high hydrostatic pressure system consist of multiple components, its main constituents are the pressure vessel and its enclosure, the pressure generator system, the temperature control device and materials handling adaptation (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). The main factors food producers must consider when building the main components of an HHC system like pressure vessels are stress endurance, resistance and corrosion. High-pressure vessel is usually made of low-alloy steel (Bhat, 2011). Process Development Place the food package in a sterilized container and load it in the pressure chamber. Fill the pressure chamber with water and hold under pressure for the time required to pressurize the vessel. Depressurize the chamber and remove processed food. . After pressurization, the food is kept under high pressure for the required process time. Depressurization can be done faster. Mechanism of Action HHP removes air from the food packaging the products. During the pressurizing process the time required to pressurize the vessel is influenced by the compressibility and the nature of the food material but independent to the quantity of food placed in the pressure vessel (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). There are two types of pressurization systems, direct and indirect (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). The indirect pressurization system is pumped through a high-pressure intensifier into the pressure vessel, the intensifier is used to increase the pressure to desired levels. This system requires high-pressure tubing and appropriate fittings to convey the medium into the pressure vessel. In direct system, the pressure intensifier and the pressure vessel worked as a large single unit, so a piston is used to deliver the high pressure to the product. The limitations of this system are that it requires heavy duty seals that can withstand the repeated opening or closure and the need of a large number of seals between the pressure vessel and the piston. EFFECTS The wide field of application that both PEF and HHP have led to find in the literature many of experiments where the positives effects of this two process are observed in any kind of food products. Their most common effects are the inactivation of microorganisms and the enhance of biological compounds. Pulsed Electric Field Extension of shelf life produced by PEF has been reported. Antioxidant components such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and vitamin C are very sensitive to heat, effects of PEF is very low making it an excellent alternative to the thermal processes that lead to the loss of antioxidant and bioactive compounds (Bhat,2011). PEF effects in important parameters that determine the â€Å"commercial† quality of a final product have been demonstrated. Food parameters like drying, extraction and pression of solid texture can improve if using the suitable electrical load (Zhang et all., 2010). Enzyme inactivation after a PEF treatment is the secondary most important effect. High Hydrostatic Pressure By enabling the enzyme activation HHC prevents the rapidly and uniform propagation of microorganism throughout the food, making this the main effect in benefit of the product quality. APPLICATIONS As established at different points throughout the text, the applications of this two methods are used in all the food industry fields. Vegetable and meat product industries use these technologies to maintain fresh-like sensory qualities on its products. Sea food and juices and beverages focus more in increasing the water uptake and water holding properties (Klonowski et all.,2006). ADVANTAGES The main advantages of PEF and HHP in comparison with the thermal preservation process is the fact that their quality has been proved in products that globe all the types of food industries. Competition between the various types of processes makes companies optimize everyday technologies to deliver better quality products. DISADVANTAGES Due to the difficulty that represents obtaining the materials to build the machinery and the time that it takes, makes using PEF and HHP a privilege for those companies that can afford the high cost of manufacturing and maintenance. CONCLUSION HHP has a clear advantage over PEF due to the effects that water pressure have against inactivation of microorganisms, more effective than the electric pulses. REFERENCES Bhat, R., Alias, A.K., & Paliyath, G. (2011). Progress inf Food Preservation (1st ed). Wiley. Butz, P. & Tauscher B. (2002). Emerging technologies: chemical aspects. Food Research International, 32(2-3), 279-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00197-1 Janositz, A., Noack, A.K., & Knorr, D. (2011). Pulsed electric fields and their impact on the diffusion characteristics of potato slices. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 44(9), 1939-1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2011.04.006 Klonowski, I., Heinz, V., Toepfl, S., Gunnarsson, G., & Porkelsson, G. (2006). Applications of Pulsed Electric Field Technologies for the Food Industry. Icelandic Fisheries Laboratories. http://www.avs.is/media/avs/Skyrsla_06-06.pdf Morris, C., Brady, A., & Wicker, L. (2007). Non-Thermal Food Processing/Preservation Technologies: A Review with Packaging Implications. Packaging Technology and Science, 20(4), 275-286. doi/10.1002/pts.789/pdf Ortega-Rivas, E. (2012). Non-thermal Food Engineering Operations (1st ed). Washington State University, USA. Saldaà ±a, G., Puà ©rtolas, E., Monfort, S., Raso, J., & Alvarez, I. (2011). Defining treatment conditions for pulsed electric field pasteurization of apple juice. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 151(1), 29-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.07.033 Wang, Z., Wang, J., Guo, S., Ma, S., & Yu, S.J. (2013). Kinetic modeling of Maillard reaction system subjected to pulsed electric field. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2013.06.007 Yang, B., Shi, Y., Xia, X., Xi, M., Wang, X., Ji, B.,& Meng, J. (2012). Inactivation of foodborne pathogens in raw milk using high hydrostatic pressure. Food Control, 28(2). 273-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.04.030 Zhang, H., Barbosa-Canovas, G., Balasubramaniam, V., Bala, M., Dunne, C., Farkas, D., & Yuan, J.(2010). Nonthermal Processing Technologies for Food (1st ed). Wiley.

Information Technology for Pims Pumps Essay

Analysis section 1 – Background/to identification of problem Pims Pumps are an industrial pumping company which are involved in the distribution, installation and maintenance of industrial pumping units. The company has a large fleet of vans and many specialised tools and lots of equipment. Currently all of the equipment is logged in and out of the workshop and vans and this information is stored on paper. Analysis section 2 – identification of the prospective user(s) The prospective users are the managers of the business all of whom are computer literate and are already using a computer system for other aspects of the business. The company have a small network of computers installed and all involved are competent in opening and using Microsoft access 2000 Analysis section 3 – identification of user needs and acceptable limitations The system needs to be able to store large amounts of data about the whereabouts of equipment, it must be able to search through the data for any specified criteria, it must be able to be edited, it must be secure and user friendly. Interview Example documents from user Observation The proposed system can only be tested to a certain extent on being able to store large amounts of data Analysis section 4 – realistic appraisal of the feasibility of potential solutions. Analysis section 5 – justification of chosen solution I have chosen to use this system because Analysis section 6 – description of current system & data sources and destinations The current system involves the user logging in and out equipment to vans and back into the warehouse. The user must enter his/her name, the date and time, the registration of the vehicle they are taking it to, the name of the piece of equipment and the serial number of the piece of equipment. At the end of each week the logbook except for the most recent page is taken to the admin office and stored in a filing cabinet in date order. When a piece of equipment is missing, needed of has been damaged the user can then refer back to the log book to find out who if anyone still has the piece of equipment and who else has used it recently. This can be very time consuming, as the user has to visually scan through the logbooks until he comes to the entry, which could be anything up to 15 pages. This could easily result in human error and is a big waste of time Analysis section 8 – data flow diagram of current system At current there is no flow of data as the information is simply logged and referred to if needed in the future. Analysis section 7 – objectives of the project Input tasks (Data entry / Modification / View) The system will provide a user-friendly simple interface with the initial user allowing them to enter the same information as they usually do just on a keyboard. This should avoid all complications. The user interface for the initial user will be very secure to try and prevent accidental damage to the system however the management features will be able to be accessed by the management team through a password. There will be a user guide and a trouble shooting section to try and solve any potential problems. The system will be presented in form view with a main menu and various forms for different functions Output tasks (Reports) The system will be able to produce a report showing the location of any piece of equipment, or all the equipment one member of staff has recently used or all the equipment currently in a particular van. The system must be able to search through all the records for any criteria and produce a report for each one Processing tasks The system must be able to process the information and sort it into any order that the user wishes. Quantitative performance considerations The system is going to be run over a long period of time and so will need to be able to store a very large amount of data. This s one thing I will not be able to test to its full extent however I can estimate through hardware performance whether the system is adequate or not. Qualitative evaluation criteria Data security of the new system The system will have security passwords and all obvious features that would allow the user to enter restricted areas of the system would be disabled. The system will prompt the user to save changes or automatically save changes on exit anyway. Analysis section 9 – Data flow diagram of new system Analysis section 10 – E-R Model Project stage 2 : design Design section 1 – Overall system design The system will involve a series of tables, queries, reports and forms all linked together to provide a user-friendly system capable of all of the system requirements. I will have tables for vans, equipment, warehouse and users and will link these together and display them on one form. There will be a menu form giving the user options and security passwords for management to access and edit existing data or to view existing data. All of the data entry will be validated and the tables will be set to certain data types to try and ensure the user is entering the correct information. There will be four main tables related to bookings, employees, equipment and vehicles. There will also be four forms based upon these tables and then a main menu form for easy navigation of my database system Design section 2 – Description of modular structure of system The system will be based around 4 main tables. These are TblEmployees, which contains information about the employees that work at the company. TblEquipment, which lists equipment, details about it, its current location and a list of who has recently used it. TblVehicles will contain a list of all of the vans that Pims Pumps use and contain a list of all the equipment that is currently in each van. TblBookings will record all the bookings in an out that a piece of equipment makes and records the equipment and employee ID numbers. These tables will all be linked together in an entity relationship diagram. Design section 3 – Definition of data requirements The database will have to store relevant information about the employees using the booking system information about the company’s vehicles and equipment information. The fields I will store in my equipment table are as follows: 1. Equipment ID – A unique number assigned to each piece of equipment. 2. Description – a brief description of the piece of equipment 3. Service interval – The next date when the piece of equipment is due to be serviced The fields I will store in my employee table are as follows: 1. Employee name – full name of the employee 2. Employee ID – a unique number assigned to each employee The fields I will store in my vehicles table are as follows: 1. Registration – The registration number of my vehicle 2. Vehicle ID – A unique number assigned to each vehicle I will also have a bookings table, which will store the employee and equipment ID for each booking of equipment, and the date on which the booking was made. This will enable me to run a query to find out for example what equipment any employee has used or what equipment is currently in a certain van etc. Design section 4 – Identification of storage requirements and media Development hardware I can design my system on any hardware running Microsoft Windows 95 or later and that is capable of running Microsoft Access at speed. I do not require any additional specific hardware for designing my database. End-user hardware The end user already has hardware capable of running my database and all the staff are familiar with Microsoft based programs. Development software I will design the database in Microsoft Access as this is very flexible and powerful enough to undertake all or the required tasks End-user software The end user will also have to use Microsoft Access as that is the only program that my database will run on I will design the database to be user friendly and limit access to all of its functions to try and prevent accidental damage to the system. Design section 5 – Identification of suitable algorithms for data transformation Queries Macros Visual basic code Design section 6 – identification of any validation required I have several input masks throughout my tables however no validations are needed. The input masks that ii have used are simply in place to ensure that the user is entering the correct information or at least information that is in the correct format. Design section 7 – overall user interface design Here is a plan of the layout of my main menu; Design section 8 – Sample of planned data capture and entry (e.g. forms Design section 9 – sample of planned data validation Design section 8 – Description of record/database structure & normalisation Normalisation Tables design Design section 11 – Sample of planned valid output (e.g. reports) I will produce reports based on queries related to different things however the format will remain the same. Below is an example of what a report would look like if the user queried for what equipment an employee has recently used: Design section 12 – Database design including relations, foreign keys, and primary keys. Entity-relationship diagram List and describe all relations separately 1. There is a one to many relationship from Equipment ID in the Equipment table to Equipment ID in the booking table. This enables there to be many pieces of equipment logged in the bookings table. 2. There is a one to many relationship from Employee ID in the Employee’s table to Employee ID in the Bookings table. This enables there to be many employees listed in the bookings table of that one employee can have many bookings. Indicate all primary and foreign keys for each table TblEquipment’s primary key is Equipment ID and it contains no foreign keys TblBooking’s primary key is Booking ID and it contains Equipment ID and Employee ID as foreign keys TblVehicle’s primary key is Vehicle ID and it contains no foreign keys TblEmployee’s primary key is Employee ID and it contains no foreign keys Design section 13 – Planned measures for security and integrity of data Design section 14 – Planned measures for systems security Design section 15 – Overall test strategy Project stage 3 : Technical solution Project stage 4 : System testing Test section 1- Design of test plan & strategy Test section 2 – Minimal test data Test section 3 – Expected results for typical test data Test section 4 – Erroneous data (Check forms reject invalid data) Test section 5 – Expected results for extreme data Check that data just within range is accepted and stored Check that calculations using extreme data works Test section 6 – Hard copy of representative samples of test runs Project stage 5 : Maintenance Maintenance section 1 – System overview Maintenance section 2 – Summary of features used Maintenance section 3 -Sample of detailed algorithm design using a recognised methodology Maintenance section 4 – Annotated listings of program code, macro code & tailoring Maintenance section 5 – Screenshots (Mainly from design view) Table screenshots Reports screenshots Query screenshots Macro’s screenshots Visual basic code Maintenance section 6 – List/description of package items developed Project stage 6 : User manual User manual – Brief introduction User manual – Samples of actual screen displays in situ User manual – Samples of error messages and/or error recovery procedures Project stage 7 : Appraisal Appraisal section 1 – Comparison of project performance against objectives Evaluation of end-user requirements Evaluation of the qualitative criteria

JetBlue - Case Study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

JetBlue - Case Study - Coursework Example To analyze the strength and stability of the sales revenue earned by the company over the years, ratio analysis will be useful. Thus in this case study ratio analysis is applied for evaluating the increase in net revenue in relation to increased operating expenses. â€Å"Profitability reflects the final result of business operations.† (Chandra, 77). In order to identify the profitability of a company, gross profit ratio analysis and net profit ratio analysis have to be undertaken. The trend in the gross profit ratio of the company over the years shows that there is an increase in its gross profit. From a loss of about $21188000 in the starting year of 2000, JetBlue earned a gross profit rate of 8.366 % in the next year itself. This shows that the company has a high potential to overcome its financial challenges. In the year 2002, the gross profit ratio had increased to 16.528%. The half year performance of JetBlue shows a gross profit ratio of 18.07%. But after that in the next half year there occurred a slight decline in gross profit ratio can be seen. It is 17.32 %. The gross profit rate graph of the company shows signs of significant increase. Net profit ratio analysis of JetBlue further shows that the operating performance is considerably improving. In the initial year, the company has incurred operating loss of $ 21330000. In the next year, company earned net profit of $ 38537000. The net profit ratio in the year2001 is 12.027%. In 2002, it decreased to 8.64%. During the first half of 2003, it again increased to 9.76 % and in the next half year it further increased to 11.977%. Thus, the net profit ratio of JetBlue is not found to be stable in nature. The ratio analysis on sales revenue shows that there is fluctuation in the net profit of the company over the past three years. This is due to higher operating costs resulting from increased interest expenses and increased taxation charges. â€Å"Financial risk can be measured from operating

Managing Strategic Marketing Malaysian company PROTON Essay

Managing Strategic Marketing Malaysian company PROTON - Essay Example Marketing mix is one of the core components of a marketing plan. This paper describes how PROTON, a car Malaysian car manufacturing company, can improve its marketing mix to evaluate the success of the marketing plan. Before going into the details of the marketing mix, let us get to know what a marketing plan actually is in order to get a better understanding of marketing mix. A marketing plan is a well-designed strategy to advertising a product or to create awareness of a company’s products and services among the customers. A properly designed marketing plan not only includes defining marketing goals and objectives of a company but also includes the strategies and tactics to achieve the marketing goals. Implementing an effective marketing plan and taking steps to monitor the performance of the plan are very important for any manufacturing company. Marketing mix is one of the main tools used by the managers of a company to monitor and control the working of the marketing plan. Marketing mix is one of the core components of a marketing plan. A marketing mix includes proper set of tools and guidelines which a company can use to market its products and services in the market. Managers make us e of marketing mix to evaluate the success of the marketing plan of their products. The assessment or evaluation makes the managers know whether the marketing plan is appropriate for the product or it needs to be changed. Being the marketing manager of PROTON, which is a leading car manufacturing company, I will propose improvements in the marketing mix of my company in order to make it compete effectively with the main competitor of the company. 2. Background of the Company The name of the company where I work as marketing manager is PROTON. PROTON is a Malaysian company which was established in 1985 and since then, it has been a valuable part of the Malaysian automotive industry. PROTON deals with manufacturing and distribution of passenger and commercial cars. Some main types of vehicles, which the company manufactures, include commercial cars, family vans, and private cars. In addition to the implementation of ISO 9000 standards of quality, PROTON has also adopted the QS 9000 qu ality standard, which has also been adopted by many of the famous American car manufacturing companies like General motors and Ford. The company has done alliance with Sauber and Petronas which really help PROTON achieve its goals in the international market. 3. Introduction of the Product The product, which I have been marketing for the last six months, is Cronze Family Van. Cronze van is a new product manufactured by the PROTON car manufacturing company in collaboration with the Lotus automotive company. Cronze is a 7-seater vehicle, which is a very economical car for large families. Some of the most attractive features of this van include beautiful shape, built-in stereo system, powerful engine, high mileage, and capacity to hold a large number of people at a time. Low fuel consumption and high mileage are two of the most incredible features of this van. People like to buy such vans which consume very less amount of fuel and give high mileage. Another attractive feature of this v an is that a customer is able to